Eine ausgeprägt antizyklische Politik ermöglicht es den USA, die Konjunkturschwäche 2001 rasch zu überwinden, im gesamten
Prognosezeitraum 2000/2005 dürfte das BIP der USA um 2,7% pro Jahr zunehmen. Die Verlangsamung des mittelfristigen Wachstums
(1995/2000: +4,3%) resultiert in erster Linie daraus, dass sich Aktienboom und Rückgang der Sparquote nicht fortsetzen. In
der EU erholt sich die Wirtschaft von der aktuellen Eintrübung nur langsam, das mittelfristige Wachstum 2000/2005 ist mit
+2,5% pro Jahr weiterhin geringer als in den USA. In Japan expandiert das BIP wie in den neunziger Jahren nicht nennenswert
(+1,3% pro Jahr). Insgesamt werden die Industrieländer bis 2005 ein Wirtschaftswachstum von 2,3% pro Jahr realisieren. Aufgrund
der höheren Energiepreise beschleunigt sich das Wachstum in den erdölexportierenden Ländern auf 4,0% pro Jahr; in den anderen
Entwicklungsländern nimmt das BIP zwischen 2000 und 2005 um 5,8% pro Jahr und in den früheren Planwirtschaften Osteuropas
um 4,2% pro Jahr zu. Das Welthandelsvolumen dürfte um durchschnittlich 6,9% steigen. Höhere Rohstoffpreise und ein niedriger
Realzins für internationale Schulden erlauben den Entwicklungsländern und Oststaaten kräftige Einfuhrsteigerungen. Die Industrieländer
drosseln ihre Importnachfrage mittelfristig hingegen von +8,4% (1995/2000) auf +5,7% (2000/2005), in erster Linie infolge
einer deutlichen Verschlechterung der Terms-of-Trade.
Keywords:Mittelfristprognose Weltwirtschaft
Forschungsbereich:Industrie-, Innovations- und internationale Ökonomie
Sprache:Deutsch
Growth Slows down in the Industrialised Countries, Picks up in the Other Regions. Medium-term Prospects for the World Economy
Any projection of global economic developments up to 2005 will greatly depend on an assessment of a number of problem areas:
• Will the oil price, after first rising at a breakneck pace, drop again significantly, or will it stay at its high level
over the medium run? • Will the imbalances induced by the rise in energy prices cause growth in global trade to collapse,
as was the case after the two oil price shocks in 1973-74 and 1979-80? • How will economic policy respond to the combination
of a weakening economy and accelerating inflation? • How will this affect the dollar and euro rates of interest, the rates
of exchange, world trade prices and thus the real rate of interest for international dollar debts? • Will growth dynamics
in the industrialised countries be characterised by marked differences between the triad countries (USA, EU and Japan), as
was the case in the 1990s? Considering that OPEC members are showing more discipline in their production and are more efficient
in their co-operation with other oil producers, the oil price should not fall off much by 2002 and should then rise again
to $ 26. The declining dollar exchange rate and greater vigour of the global economy as of 2002 should in turn boost the dollar
prices for other raw materials and industrial products. Altogether, global trade prices should rise by 2.9 percent p.a. up
to 2005. At an average dollar interest rate of 4.2 percent, the real interest rate for international dollar debts should be
just 1.3 percent in 2000-2005. This will give a break to the interest service of debtor countries, which reduces the likelihood
of international financial crises. In view of the higher energy prices, oil exporters and the former centrally planned economies
will see their import demand surge (by 11.9 and 10.2 percent p.a., respectively); other developing countries should increase
their imports by 9.3 percent. Industrialised countries, on the other hand, are expected to expand their imports by just 5.7
percent, mainly as a result of their deteriorating terms of trade in the wake of the rise in oil prices. Up to 2005, industrialised
countries are projected to boost their exports by 6.2 percent p.a., oil exporters will increase theirs by 4.0 percent, other
LDCs by 9.1 percent and the former centrally planned economies by 7.2 percent. Accordingly, the total world trade volume should
grow by 6.9 percent p.a. between 2000 and 2005. Consequently, the trade imbalances, which widened by the rise in oil prices,
will be gradually cut down again. In 2000-2005, deficits in the industrialised countries should decline by about $ 115 billion,
and surpluses in the oil exporting countries plummet by $ 134 billion. Anticyclical monetary and fiscal policies and a slight
devaluation of the dollar will help the U.S. economy to recover in 2002 and to expand by an average of 2.7 percent annually
up to 2005. In the European Union, GDP should grow at a slightly lower rate (+2.5 percent p.a.), since the economy will take
more time to recover from its setback. Growth will be particularly low in Germany (+2.1 percent p.a.). Japan will see its
economy grow by just 1.3 percent p.a. up to 2005. Altogether, industrialised countries should be able to amplify their GDPs
by 2.3 percent p.a. over the next five years. Oil exporting countries should see their GDPs grow by 4.0 percent p.a., other
LDCs by 5.8 percent, and the former centrally planned economies in Eastern Europe by 4.2 percent. Global economy would thus
expand by 3.9 percent p.a. in 2000-2005, markedly faster than in the 1990s.