New EU Own Resources to Strengthen Europe’s Long-Term Budget

The European Commission’s new draft Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for the period 2028–2034 introduces five new own resources to finance the repayment of NextGenerationEU and to modernise the EU’s revenue system.
This paper evaluates the proposed set of own resources, advocating for a balanced combination of genuine EU-owned resources to support EU objectives, address debates surrounding net contributors, and bridge significant funding gaps.