Themenplattform "Europäische Herausforderungen"

Diese Studie liefert ein Update zu den 2017 vom WIFO berechneten Handels- und Wohlfahrtseffekten des Brexit für die österreichische Wirtschaft ("Estimating the Trade and Welfare Effects of Brexit. A Panel Data Structural Gravity Model"). Die Schätzung erfolgt mit einem strukturellen Gravitationsmodell auf einem disaggregierten Branchenniveau. Die Ergebnisse für unterschiedliche Extremszenarien ("Hard Brexit" und "Soft Brexit") werden mit dem aktuellen Verhandlungsstand im November 2020 verglichen.

The main objective of this project is to update the existing database of projects co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) as provided in the R&I regional viewer of the S3 platform. The updated database should include a complete list of the ERDF operations supported between January 2014 and December 2020 (as reported in lists of operations). Furthermore, data enrichment should be extended concerning thematic project information. A short report will give an overview of the new dataset.

Angeboten wird eine Studie, die auf der Grundlage einer umfassenden wirtschafts- und rechtswissenschaftlichen Analyse einen zukunftsorientierten EU-Beihilfenrahmen entwickelt.

The objective of the study is to describe the potential effects of some possible corporate tax reforms on economic efficiency, inequality and tax competition. The study will offer an in-depth descriptive overview of the channels and possible interactions between them, where relevant. Furthermore, it will explore the main components of potential reforms, each within the Single Market and at international level: a reallocation of taxing rights across jurisdictions, the implementation of a minimum effective tax rate, and a harmonisation of tax bases. When quantification is possible, the study will also provide the methodology to estimate the magnitudes of the various effects of the reforms on economic efficiency, inequality and tax competition, together with preliminary estimates of the effects. Lastly, the study will didactically describe in detail whether and how the European Commission's CORTAX model might be further developed to include the potential effects discussed. In case the effects are not currently included in CORTAX, the study will conductible explain how to integrate them into the model and provide a detailed description of the methodology to integrate the effects, in the form of reduced-form equations.

The role of environmental taxation, and especially of carbon taxes, as key market-based instrument is widely acknowledged in the literature. In the EU context, carbon taxes are of special relevance to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of the sectors not covered by the European Emission Trading System (ETS). The most important of these sectors is transport, where greenhouse gas emissions have been rising continuously in the past and are now making up for more than 20% of overall EU greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of carbon taxes varies among EU countries and there is considerable heterogeneity in terms of scope and implementation of these policies. Most commonly, these taxes target the transport sector; only some member countries have broadened the scope of fuel carbon taxes to other sectors than transport. Various strategic documents issued at the EU level stress the role of environmental taxes and particularly of fuel taxes as important tools to support the transition to sustainable transport and as one element of tax shifts making European tax systems more growth- and environmentally-friendly. Explicit or implicit carbon taxes are also relevant for other non-ETS sectors, in particular the housing sector. The objective of the study is to define a set of concrete policy recommendations to enhance efforts to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases effectively. Based on a solid benchmarking, the study will identify tax measures incentivising individuals and/or companies to change towards more sustainable behaviours. The identification of policies will be based on a set of criteria to support EU member countries to develop national strategies that are fair, efficient as well as economically and politically viable to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. While explicit and implicit taxes are among the key measures explored, related tax measures will also be covered. These include tax incentives aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., tax breaks for the purchase of electric vehicles) as well as the removal of harmful tax disincentives (e.g., tax privileges for company cars or diesel fuel).

MORE4 updates the first three MORE studies. It conducts large-scale surveys among researchers residing in the EU and working outside of the EU. It uses the information to investigate geographic and intersectoral mobility patterns of researchers, building indicators on the stock and flow of researchers in academia. It also investigates the attractiveness of the EU as a research location, analysing the key factors which make a location attractive for researchers.

Für die Analyse kleinräumiger Effekte der Struktur- und Kohäsionspolitik der EU werden für ausgewählte Pilotregionen Daten zu geförderten Projekten in den Programmperioden 2007 bis 2013 und 2014 bis 2020 geförderten Projekten mit Satellitenbildern verknüpft. Zudem wird eine Regionaldatenbank auf möglichst kleinräumiger Datenbasis erstellt, um die Auswirkungen der EU-Förderpolitik auf lokaler Ebene umfassend zu analysieren.

Das WIFO gibt in diesem Textbeitrag einen Überblick über die Ausgestaltung der Familienpolitik in den EU-Ländern sowie über aktuelle Entwicklungen der Prioritäten und entsprechend des Maßnahmen-Mix der Familienpolitik. Dazu wird zunächst auf relevante sozioökonomische und soziokulturelle Trends eingegangen (z. B. Erwerbspartizipation und Erwerbsausmaß von Frauen, innerfamiliäre Erwerbskonstellationen, Fertilitätsraten, Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu Kinderbetreuung und Elternschaft usw.). Auch die wichtigsten Vereinbarungen und Vorgaben auf EU-Ebene (z. B. Barcelona-Ziele zum Ausbau der vorschulischen Kinderbetreuung, Elternzeit-Richtlinie, geplante Richtlinie zur Väterfrühkarenz usw.) werden kurz dargestellt. Nach einem Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Literatur zur Kategorisierung bzw. Typologisierung der Familienpolitik in der EU wird auf der Grundlage geeigneter Indikatoren die Familienpolitik der einzelnen Länder kategorisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten sowie Veränderungen der Familienpolitik der EU-Länder herausgearbeitet. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf künftige Herausforderungen für die Familienpolitik in der EU gegeben (z. B. grenzüberschreitende Familienleistungen, Flüchtlings- und Migrationsbewegungen).