{"id":88538,"date":"2024-01-22T09:28:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T08:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/88538\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T00:26:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T23:26:18","slug":"osteuropas-oeffnung-zum-westen-ost-west-handel-1990-und-aussichten-bis-1992","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/88538\/","title":{"rendered":"The Opening of Eastern Europe to the West"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-88538","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"East-West trade in the new sense (excluding the former GDR, but including Yugoslavia as trading partner) expanded only moderately in 1990, by about 3 percent in volume. A noteworthy development were the sizeable export gains of the reform countries for technical manufactures. In 1991 and 1992 East-West trade (particularly the exchange with Eastern Europe) is likely to gain some momentum. Credit rating of Eastern countries deteriorated markedly in 1990 although the debt burden itself rose by a mere $ 8 billion (to a total of $ 160 billion) mainly due to the exchange rate effect.","onlinedate":"1991-06-01 02:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"19910601","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[\"Osteuropas \u00d6ffnung zum Westen. Ost-West-Handel 1990 und Aussichten bis 1992; The Opening of Eastern Europe to the West\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":279614,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"64","monthly_report_pages":"330-344","monthly_report_pages_sort":"330","issue":"6","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":null,"types":[44312],"research_groups":[3491],"collaboration":"","persons":[3981],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3981,\"personName\":\"Jan Stankovsky\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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