{"id":84255,"date":"2024-01-22T08:54:33","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/84255\/"},"modified":"2026-02-17T15:58:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-17T14:58:59","slug":"marked-deterioration-in-austrias-international-labor-cost-position","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84255\/","title":{"rendered":"Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-84255","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"While the labor cost position of Austria's manufacturing sector improved in the 1980s, it deteriorated considerably in the 1990s. Since 1990 productivity advances were no longer sufficient to compensate for above-average wage increases and a further appreciation of the schilling. Unit labor costs relative to competitors rose by more than \u00bd percent p.a. During 1994 and 1995, in particularly, the rise in relative labor costs accelerated. Austria's labor cost position deteriorated by 1.8 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the major trading partners and by 1.5 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the EU.","onlinedate":"1996-10-01 02:00:00","lang":"English","publication_series":"","publication_date":"19961001","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[\"Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":null,"zip":null,"link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/wwa\/pubid\/335","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"1","monthly_report_pages":"197-202","monthly_report_pages_sort":"197","issue":"4","journal":"Austrian Economic Quarterly","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":null,"types":[183747],"research_groups":[3510],"collaboration":"","persons":[3593],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3593,\"personName\":\"Alois Guger\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Guger, A.<\\\/span> (1996). <span>Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position<\\\/span>. <span><em>Austrian Economic Quarterly<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>1<\\\/em>(4), 197-202. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/335\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/335<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Guger A<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>Austrian Economic Quarterly<\\\/span>. 1996 Oct;1(4):197-202.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{38337aac3129446680167553e88aa6e1,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"While the labor cost position of Austria's manufacturing sector improved in the 1980s, it deteriorated considerably in the 1990s. Since 1990 productivity advances were no longer sufficient to compensate for above-average wage increases and a further appreciation of the schilling. Unit labor costs relative to competitors rose by more than \u00bd percent p.a. During 1994 and 1995, in particularly, the rise in relative labor costs accelerated. Austria's labor cost position deteriorated by 1.8 percent vis-{\\\\`a}-vis the major trading partners and by 1.5 percent vis-{\\\\`a}-vis the EU.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position, Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Alois Guger\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"1996\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = oct,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"English\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"1\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"197--202\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"Austrian Economic Quarterly\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position<\\\/p><p>AU  - Guger, Alois<\\\/p><p>PY  - 1996\\\/10<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 1996\\\/10<\\\/p><p>N2  - While the labor cost position of Austria's manufacturing sector improved in the 1980s, it deteriorated considerably in the 1990s. Since 1990 productivity advances were no longer sufficient to compensate for above-average wage increases and a further appreciation of the schilling. Unit labor costs relative to competitors rose by more than \u00bd percent p.a. During 1994 and 1995, in particularly, the rise in relative labor costs accelerated. Austria's labor cost position deteriorated by 1.8 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the major trading partners and by 1.5 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the EU.<\\\/p><p>AB  - While the labor cost position of Austria's manufacturing sector improved in the 1980s, it deteriorated considerably in the 1990s. Since 1990 productivity advances were no longer sufficient to compensate for above-average wage increases and a further appreciation of the schilling. Unit labor costs relative to competitors rose by more than \u00bd percent p.a. During 1994 and 1995, in particularly, the rise in relative labor costs accelerated. Austria's labor cost position deteriorated by 1.8 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the major trading partners and by 1.5 percent vis-\u00e0-vis the EU.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position<\\\/p><p>KW  - Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO series<\\\/p><p>VL  - 1<\\\/p><p>SP  - 197<\\\/p><p>EP  - 202<\\\/p><p>JO  - Austrian Economic Quarterly<\\\/p><p>JF  - Austrian Economic Quarterly<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Marked Deterioration in Austria&#039;s International Labor Cost Position - WIFO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84255\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marked Deterioration in Austria&#039;s International Labor Cost Position\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84255\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WIFO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WIFOat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-17T14:58:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/WIFO-Gebaeude-FotoAlexanderMueller-www.alexandermueller.at-IMG_6326-Bearbeitet-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WIFOat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/84255\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/84255\\\/\",\"name\":\"Marked Deterioration in Austria's International Labor Cost Position - 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