{"id":84209,"date":"2024-01-22T08:54:14","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:54:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/84209\/"},"modified":"2024-11-06T23:43:11","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T22:43:11","slug":"umverteilung-durch-den-staat-in-oesterreich-6","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84209\/","title":{"rendered":"Redistribution by the State in Austria"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-84209","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"Although the size of the public sector is large in Austria, its redistributive impact from high to low income classes is limited: on the revenue side, indirect taxation is high and, on the expenditure side, the principle of horizontal equity is prevalent. In Austria, income and property taxation is low and only moderately progressive due to a number of tax concessions which lower the tax rate for high incomes substantially. Indirect taxes and social security contributions which have a clearly regressive effect on the distribution make up more than 70 percent of all public revenues. Thus, the degree of progression of public revenues is only moderate. Public expenditures amount to more than 50 percent of GDP in Austria. Eligibility and hence the distribution of public expenditures are dominated by the principle of horizontal equity and means testing is of hardly any importance. Consequently, in actual terms most public benefits are received by higher income classes with larger household size. Only unemployment benefits, unemployment assistance and special assistance for single mothers are, in actual terms, distributed to low-income groups to a significant extent. In spite of this, low-income classes receive proportionately more public benefits than high-income groups. Thus, the expenditure side is clearly progressive: the first decile has 50 percent more income after redistribution than before, the fifth decile loses 10 percent and the top decile about 25 percent.","onlinedate":"1996-10-01 02:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"19961001","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[\"Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich; Redistribution by the State in Austria\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":275498,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"69","monthly_report_pages":"635-652","monthly_report_pages_sort":"635","issue":"10","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":null,"types":[44312],"research_groups":[3510],"collaboration":"","persons":[3593],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3593,\"personName\":\"Alois Guger\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Guger, A.<\\\/span> (1996). <span>Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>69<\\\/em>(10), 635-652. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/330\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/330<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Guger A<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/span>. 1996 Oct;69(10):635-652.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{810e8ab7c0014c71a44ea4df57375688,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Umverteilung durch den Staat in {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Die Umverteilung durch den Staat erreicht in {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich einen betr{\\\\\\\"a}chtlichen Umfang: Das obere Drittel der Haushalte, das {\\\\\\\"u}ber 60\\\\% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens verf{\\\\\\\"u}gt, zahlt 62\\\\% der Abgaben und Steuern und erh{\\\\\\\"a}lt 43\\\\% der erfa{\\\\ss}ten {\\\\\\\"o}ffentlichen Transfers. Der hohe Anteil an den (an der Zahl der Empf{\\\\\\\"a}nger orientierten) Transfers spiegelt die {\\\\\\\"u}berdurchschnittliche Haushaltsgr{\\\\\\\"o}{\\\\ss}e wider. F{\\\\\\\"u}r das obere Drittel der Haushalte machen diese Transfers aber nur 12\\\\% des Bruttoeinkommens aus, die Abgaben dagegen 37\\\\%. Das mittlere Drittel der nach dem Einkommen gereihten Haushalte verf{\\\\\\\"u}gt {\\\\\\\"u}ber 28\\\\% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt 28\\\\% der Abgaben und bezieht 35\\\\% der Transfers. Das untere Drittel der Haushalte verf{\\\\\\\"u}gt {\\\\\\\"u}ber nur 12\\\\% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt knapp 10\\\\% aller Abgaben, erh{\\\\\\\"a}lt aber 22\\\\% aller erfa{\\\\ss}ten Transfers. Diese Leistungen machen hier 31\\\\% des Einkommens der betroffenen Haushalte aus, im oberen Drittel nur 12\\\\%.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Umverteilung durch den Staat in {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich; Redistribution by the State in Austria, Umverteilung durch den Staat in {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich; Redistribution by the State in Austria\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Alois Guger\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"1996\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = oct,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"Deutsch\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"69\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"635--652\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO-Monatsberichte\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich<\\\/p><p>AU  - Guger, Alois<\\\/p><p>PY  - 1996\\\/10<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 1996\\\/10<\\\/p><p>N2  - Die Umverteilung durch den Staat erreicht in \u00d6sterreich einen betr\u00e4chtlichen Umfang: Das obere Drittel der Haushalte, das \u00fcber 60% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens verf\u00fcgt, zahlt 62% der Abgaben und Steuern und erh\u00e4lt 43% der erfa\u00dften \u00f6ffentlichen Transfers. Der hohe Anteil an den (an der Zahl der Empf\u00e4nger orientierten) Transfers spiegelt die \u00fcberdurchschnittliche Haushaltsgr\u00f6\u00dfe wider. F\u00fcr das obere Drittel der Haushalte machen diese Transfers aber nur 12% des Bruttoeinkommens aus, die Abgaben dagegen 37%. Das mittlere Drittel der nach dem Einkommen gereihten Haushalte verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber 28% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt 28% der Abgaben und bezieht 35% der Transfers. Das untere Drittel der Haushalte verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber nur 12% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt knapp 10% aller Abgaben, erh\u00e4lt aber 22% aller erfa\u00dften Transfers. Diese Leistungen machen hier 31% des Einkommens der betroffenen Haushalte aus, im oberen Drittel nur 12%.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Die Umverteilung durch den Staat erreicht in \u00d6sterreich einen betr\u00e4chtlichen Umfang: Das obere Drittel der Haushalte, das \u00fcber 60% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens verf\u00fcgt, zahlt 62% der Abgaben und Steuern und erh\u00e4lt 43% der erfa\u00dften \u00f6ffentlichen Transfers. Der hohe Anteil an den (an der Zahl der Empf\u00e4nger orientierten) Transfers spiegelt die \u00fcberdurchschnittliche Haushaltsgr\u00f6\u00dfe wider. F\u00fcr das obere Drittel der Haushalte machen diese Transfers aber nur 12% des Bruttoeinkommens aus, die Abgaben dagegen 37%. Das mittlere Drittel der nach dem Einkommen gereihten Haushalte verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber 28% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt 28% der Abgaben und bezieht 35% der Transfers. Das untere Drittel der Haushalte verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber nur 12% des Brutto-Haushaltseinkommens, zahlt knapp 10% aller Abgaben, erh\u00e4lt aber 22% aller erfa\u00dften Transfers. Diese Leistungen machen hier 31% des Einkommens der betroffenen Haushalte aus, im oberen Drittel nur 12%.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich; Redistribution by the State in Austria<\\\/p><p>KW  - Umverteilung durch den Staat in \u00d6sterreich; Redistribution by the State in Austria<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO-Schriftenreihen<\\\/p><p>VL  - 69<\\\/p><p>SP  - 635<\\\/p><p>EP  - 652<\\\/p><p>JO  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>JF  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Redistribution by the State in Austria - WIFO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84209\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Redistribution by the State in Austria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84209\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WIFO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WIFOat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-06T22:43:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/WIFO-Gebaeude-FotoAlexanderMueller-www.alexandermueller.at-IMG_6326-Bearbeitet-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WIFOat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/84209\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/84209\\\/\",\"name\":\"Redistribution by the State in Austria - 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