{"id":84177,"date":"2024-01-22T08:53:58","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:53:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/84177\/"},"modified":"2024-11-06T23:42:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T22:42:52","slug":"wirtschaftstendenzen-in-der-europaeischen-union-1995-konjunkturschwaeche-hemmt-abbau-ueberhoehter-budgetdefizite-2","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/84177\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Developments in the EU in 1995. Weakening Activity an Obstacle for the Consolidation of Budget Deficits"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-84177","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"Following the turmoil in foreign exchange markets in spring, the business cycle recovery in western Europe lost momentum and eventually came to a halt. Despite a generally favorable policy framework business and consumer confidence weakened, particularly in the hard-currency area. The slackening of demand and output, together with a new rise in unemployment, makes the task of public sector deficit reduction even more difficult. A majority of EU countries still has some way to go in order to meet the fiscal criteria for EMU. However, substantial progress has been made in the convergence towards price stability. Business cycle developments in western Europe in 1995 proved disappointing. Instead of gaining further strength, demand and output, having rebounded markedly in 1994, weakened and rose by no more than 2\u00bd percent year-on-year. Towards the end of the year, seasonally adjusted GDP actually fell in a number of countries. Although the macro-economic environment has improved in some respects over the past twelve months there is as yet little evidence in leading indicators to suggest that growth is about to resume. The reasons for the cyclical setback are not sufficiently clear. The leveling-off of inventory build-up is one element, and some friction in the transition towards investment-driven growth has indeed been repeatedly observed in the past. Another factor has been the sustained upward drift in long-term interest rates throughout 1994, an unusual feature at that stage of the cycle. Moreover, and perhaps most importantly, European exchange rates were struck by new turmoil in the wake of a sharp fall in the dollar in March 1995. The improvement in European labor markets proved short-lived. Employment growth leveled off around mid-1995. Unemployment fell slightly to a rate just below 11 percent in fall 1995, resuming its rising trend thereafter. Weakening demand and generally underutilized production capacities kept inflation from accelerating. The annual rise in consumer prices remained at a moderate 3 percent on average for the 15 EU countries. Public sector deficits in the EU fell slightly from an average 5\u00bd percent to 5 percent of GDP. A deficit\/GDP ratio of 3 percent or lower, as stipulated by the Maastricht treaty, would have been achieved in 1995 by only three countries: Denmark, Luxembourg and Ireland.","onlinedate":"1996-04-01 02:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"19960401","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":275468,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"69","monthly_report_pages":"267-271","monthly_report_pages_sort":"267","issue":"4","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":null,"types":[44312],"research_groups":[3500],"collaboration":"","persons":[4055],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":4055,\"personName\":\"Georg M. Busch\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Busch, G. M.<\\\/span> (1996). <span>Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw\u00e4che hemmt Abbau \u00fcberh\u00f6hter Budgetdefizite<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>69<\\\/em>(4), 267-271. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/307\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/307<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Busch GM<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw\u00e4che hemmt Abbau \u00fcberh\u00f6hter Budgetdefizite<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/span>. 1996 Apr;69(4):267-271.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{b7c99180bd8a4561b804a3d852e1e550,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ{\\\\\\\"a}ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw{\\\\\\\"a}che hemmt Abbau {\\\\\\\"u}berh{\\\\\\\"o}hter Budgetdefizite\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Das Wirtschaftswachstum verlangsamte sich in den EU-L{\\\\\\\"a}ndern 1995 deutlich, es erreichte kaum 2\u00bd\\\\%. W{\\\\\\\"a}hrungsturbulenzen im Fr{\\\\\\\"u}hjahr schw{\\\\\\\"a}chten die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der Hartw{\\\\\\\"a}hrungsl{\\\\\\\"a}nder und tr{\\\\\\\"u}bten vor allem dort Gesch{\\\\\\\"a}ftsklima wie Konsumentenstimmung. In den Abwertungsl{\\\\\\\"a}ndern d{\\\\\\\"a}mpften Zinssteigerungen die Inlandsnachfrage. Der Konjunkturabschwung verhinderte einen R{\\\\\\\"u}ckgang der allgemein hohen Arbeitslosigkeit und erschwerte den Abbau der Budgetdefizite. Dagegen hat die {\\\\\\\"u}berwiegende Zahl der Mitgliedsl{\\\\\\\"a}nder bereits ein hohes Ma{\\\\ss} an Preisstabilit{\\\\\\\"a}t erreicht.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ{\\\\\\\"a}ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw{\\\\\\\"a}che hemmt Abbau {\\\\\\\"u}berh{\\\\\\\"o}hter Budgetdefizite; Economic Developments in the EU in 1995. Weakening Activity an Obstacle for the Consolidation of Budget Deficits\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Busch, \\\\{Georg M.\\\\}\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"1996\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = apr,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"Deutsch\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"69\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"267--271\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO-Monatsberichte\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw\u00e4che hemmt Abbau \u00fcberh\u00f6hter Budgetdefizite<\\\/p><p>AU  - Busch, Georg M.<\\\/p><p>PY  - 1996\\\/4<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 1996\\\/4<\\\/p><p>N2  - Das Wirtschaftswachstum verlangsamte sich in den EU-L\u00e4ndern 1995 deutlich, es erreichte kaum 2\u00bd%. W\u00e4hrungsturbulenzen im Fr\u00fchjahr schw\u00e4chten die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der Hartw\u00e4hrungsl\u00e4nder und tr\u00fcbten vor allem dort Gesch\u00e4ftsklima wie Konsumentenstimmung. In den Abwertungsl\u00e4ndern d\u00e4mpften Zinssteigerungen die Inlandsnachfrage. Der Konjunkturabschwung verhinderte einen R\u00fcckgang der allgemein hohen Arbeitslosigkeit und erschwerte den Abbau der Budgetdefizite. Dagegen hat die \u00fcberwiegende Zahl der Mitgliedsl\u00e4nder bereits ein hohes Ma\u00df an Preisstabilit\u00e4t erreicht.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Das Wirtschaftswachstum verlangsamte sich in den EU-L\u00e4ndern 1995 deutlich, es erreichte kaum 2\u00bd%. W\u00e4hrungsturbulenzen im Fr\u00fchjahr schw\u00e4chten die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der Hartw\u00e4hrungsl\u00e4nder und tr\u00fcbten vor allem dort Gesch\u00e4ftsklima wie Konsumentenstimmung. In den Abwertungsl\u00e4ndern d\u00e4mpften Zinssteigerungen die Inlandsnachfrage. Der Konjunkturabschwung verhinderte einen R\u00fcckgang der allgemein hohen Arbeitslosigkeit und erschwerte den Abbau der Budgetdefizite. Dagegen hat die \u00fcberwiegende Zahl der Mitgliedsl\u00e4nder bereits ein hohes Ma\u00df an Preisstabilit\u00e4t erreicht.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Wirtschaftstendenzen in der Europ\u00e4ischen Union 1995. Konjunkturschw\u00e4che hemmt Abbau \u00fcberh\u00f6hter Budgetdefizite; Economic Developments in the EU in 1995. Weakening Activity an Obstacle for the Consolidation of Budget Deficits<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO-Schriftenreihen<\\\/p><p>VL  - 69<\\\/p><p>SP  - 267<\\\/p><p>EP  - 271<\\\/p><p>JO  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>JF  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Economic Developments in the EU in 1995. 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