{"id":83461,"date":"2024-01-22T08:48:25","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T07:48:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/83461\/"},"modified":"2024-11-06T23:36:50","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T22:36:50","slug":"die-vierte-eu-erweiterung-um-oesterreich-finnland-und-schweden-2","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/83461\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria, Finland, and Sweden Join the EU"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-83461","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"The integration of the rich EFTA countries Austria, Finland, and Sweden into the EU shifts the center of gravity to the North. While the previous enlargement by the \"cohesion\" countries Greece, Portugal, and Spain was a burden on the budget of the EU, the present enlargement is a relief. The integration of the three neutral countries constitutes no economic problems, but progress in the area of collective security might possibly be slowed down by their accession. Through the fourth EU enlargement the number of countries in the European Union rises to 15. The EU's economic power, as measured by gross domestic product, increases by 7 percent; its population grows by about 6 percent, and its area expands by 37 percent. On a per-capita basis, however, the EU is growing richer by only 0.1 percent (at purchasing power parities) and 0.7 percent (at current prices and exchange rates), respectively; Austria and Sweden but not Finland have a higher per-capita income than the twelve EU members on average. Austria's GDP per head is fourth in the EU, with only Luxembourg, Belgium, and Denmark ranked ahead of Austria. Sweden takes the tenth position, Finland the eleventh. The three former EFTA countries now joining the EU are, with the exception of Finland, small wealthy and highly industrialized countries. They will also, again with the exception of Finland, be net payers in the EU. The three new EU members also have a great deal in common in the political realm: they are all neutral countries. How their neutral status will be handled in the future is an open question. In the WEU, the defense branch of the EU, they have accepted the position of observers. After the treaty of Maastricht the European Union has been composed of \"three pillars\". The European Communities are the first pillar. The second pillar is the common external and security policy (CESP); the third is the close cooperation in judicial and internal matters. The final goal of economic integration after Maastricht is the creation of an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It is scheduled in 1996 (but more likely in 1999) to lead to a single currency in the EU and a common monetary policy, administered by the European Central Bank. The precondition for participation in this third stage of the EMU is fulfillment of the convergence criteria postulated in Maastricht, which will be examined for the first time in 1996. According to current forecast, the only countries which might meet these criteria in 1996 are Germany and Luxembourg. Austria is presently the only country among the new members to participate fully in the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System. Membership in the EU engenders an adjustment of economic policy in many central areas (common external policy, common agricultural policy \u2013 CAP, common regional policy, competition policy, and the common monetary policy). The adjustment problems are being acutely felt particularly in the area of agricultural policies where expected income losses are being cushioned by funds from the federal budget. The consequence is an additional burden in the budget which far exceeds the net payments proper (Sch 12 billion) in connection with EU membership. All three EU members have high hopes regarding the integration effects. Economic analyses for Finland, Sweden, and Austria indicate medium-term to long-term positive growth and welfare effects. For Finland and Sweden, the yearly growth gains are expected to be between \u00bd and \u00be percentage point. For Austria, the growth impulse (counting the effects of membership in the EEA and the EU as well as the effects from the single market) is estimated at \u00be percentage point of real GDP per annum. Inflation is expected to slow down as the single market will stimulate competition in all areas.","onlinedate":"1995-02-01 01:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"19950201","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[\"Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich\",\"Finland\",\"Finnland und Schweden; The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria\",\"and Sweden Join the EU\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":274862,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"68","monthly_report_pages":"105-125","monthly_report_pages_sort":"105","issue":"2","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":null,"types":[44312],"research_groups":[3500],"collaboration":"","persons":[3917],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3917,\"personName\":\"Fritz Breuss\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Breuss, F.<\\\/span> (1995). <span>Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich, Finnland und Schweden<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>68<\\\/em>(2), 105-125. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/157\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/157<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Breuss F<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich, Finnland und Schweden<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/span>. 1995 Feb;68(2):105-125.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{cb5acc19edba473daca6d97374cbc4c5,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich, Finnland und Schweden\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Mit der Aufnahme {\\\\\\\"O}sterreichs, Finnlands und Schwedens wurde die EU bereits zum vierten Mal erweitert. Die Bedeutung der EFTA schwindet, jene der EU nimmt st{\\\\\\\"a}ndig zu. W{\\\\\\\"a}hrend die letzten zwei Erweiterungen (um Griechenland sowie um Portugal und Spanien) die Aufmerksamkeit nach S{\\\\\\\"u}den lenkten und mit finanziellen Lasten verbunden waren ({\\\"}Koh{\\\\\\\"a}sionsl{\\\\\\\"a}nder{\\\"}), verlagert sich das Interesse nun wieder mehr auf das Zentrum und den Norden, und der Beitritt dreier EFTA-L{\\\\\\\"a}nder bedeutet {\\\"}Bereicherung{\\\"} der EU sowohl in {\\\\\\\"o}konomischer als auch in politischer Hinsicht. Den Anpassungslasten (Teilnahme an den Gemeinschaftspolitiken der EU) stehen {\\\\\\\"o}konomische Vorteile in Form einer Beschleunigung des Wirtschaftswachstums und einer Abflachung des Preisauftriebs gegen{\\\\\\\"u}ber. Per Saldo werden in allen drei neuen Mitgliedstaaten positive Integrationseffekte erwartet.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich, Finland, Finnland und Schweden; The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria, and Sweden Join the EU, Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um {\\\\\\\"O}sterreich, Finland, Finnland und Schweden; The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria, and Sweden Join the EU\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Fritz Breuss\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"1995\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = feb,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"Deutsch\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"68\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"105--125\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO-Monatsberichte\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich, Finnland und Schweden<\\\/p><p>AU  - Breuss, Fritz<\\\/p><p>PY  - 1995\\\/2<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 1995\\\/2<\\\/p><p>N2  - Mit der Aufnahme \u00d6sterreichs, Finnlands und Schwedens wurde die EU bereits zum vierten Mal erweitert. Die Bedeutung der EFTA schwindet, jene der EU nimmt st\u00e4ndig zu. W\u00e4hrend die letzten zwei Erweiterungen (um Griechenland sowie um Portugal und Spanien) die Aufmerksamkeit nach S\u00fcden lenkten und mit finanziellen Lasten verbunden waren (\\\"Koh\u00e4sionsl\u00e4nder\\\"), verlagert sich das Interesse nun wieder mehr auf das Zentrum und den Norden, und der Beitritt dreier EFTA-L\u00e4nder bedeutet \\\"Bereicherung\\\" der EU sowohl in \u00f6konomischer als auch in politischer Hinsicht. Den Anpassungslasten (Teilnahme an den Gemeinschaftspolitiken der EU) stehen \u00f6konomische Vorteile in Form einer Beschleunigung des Wirtschaftswachstums und einer Abflachung des Preisauftriebs gegen\u00fcber. Per Saldo werden in allen drei neuen Mitgliedstaaten positive Integrationseffekte erwartet.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Mit der Aufnahme \u00d6sterreichs, Finnlands und Schwedens wurde die EU bereits zum vierten Mal erweitert. Die Bedeutung der EFTA schwindet, jene der EU nimmt st\u00e4ndig zu. W\u00e4hrend die letzten zwei Erweiterungen (um Griechenland sowie um Portugal und Spanien) die Aufmerksamkeit nach S\u00fcden lenkten und mit finanziellen Lasten verbunden waren (\\\"Koh\u00e4sionsl\u00e4nder\\\"), verlagert sich das Interesse nun wieder mehr auf das Zentrum und den Norden, und der Beitritt dreier EFTA-L\u00e4nder bedeutet \\\"Bereicherung\\\" der EU sowohl in \u00f6konomischer als auch in politischer Hinsicht. Den Anpassungslasten (Teilnahme an den Gemeinschaftspolitiken der EU) stehen \u00f6konomische Vorteile in Form einer Beschleunigung des Wirtschaftswachstums und einer Abflachung des Preisauftriebs gegen\u00fcber. Per Saldo werden in allen drei neuen Mitgliedstaaten positive Integrationseffekte erwartet.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich<\\\/p><p>KW  - Finland<\\\/p><p>KW  - Finnland und Schweden; The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria<\\\/p><p>KW  - and Sweden Join the EU<\\\/p><p>KW  - Die vierte EU-Erweiterung \u2013 um \u00d6sterreich<\\\/p><p>KW  - Finland<\\\/p><p>KW  - Finnland und Schweden; The Fourth Enlargement of the European Union: Austria<\\\/p><p>KW  - and Sweden Join the EU<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO-Schriftenreihen<\\\/p><p>VL  - 68<\\\/p><p>SP  - 105<\\\/p><p>EP  - 125<\\\/p><p>JO  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>JF  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.3 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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