{"id":68579,"date":"2023-12-01T23:08:11","date_gmt":"2023-12-01T22:08:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/revisiting-time-as-a-trade-barrier-evidence-from-a-panel-structural-gravity-model\/"},"modified":"2025-10-22T22:24:50","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T20:24:50","slug":"revisiting-time-as-a-trade-barrier-evidence-from-a-panel-structural-gravity-model","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/68579\/","title":{"rendered":"Revisiting Time as a Trade Barrier: Evidence from a Panel Structural Gravity Model"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-68579","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"In this paper, we revisit the evidence on the effects of time spent on border\u2010crossing procedures for international trade using a theory\u2010consistent structural gravity model. We exploit a rich panel dataset including domestic trade flows and employ a recent econometric estimator that exhibits favourable asymptotic properties for inference. The results indicate a significant negative effect of the time required for border procedures that is driven by the time needed for document preparation. We find that an additional day spent on those procedures corresponds to an ad valorem tariff equivalent of 0.4 percentage points. The parameters of our structural model are used to simulate three counterfactual scenarios, quantifying the effect of past and potential future trade facilitation efforts for middle\u2010, low\u2010, and high\u2010income countries. Full endowment general equilibrium effects suggest that in times of stagnating multilateral and bilateral trade liberalization efforts, unilateral implementation of trade facilitation carries the potential to induce an alternative stimulus for trade and welfare, especially for low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries.","onlinedate":"2021-11-01 01:00:00","lang":"English","publication_series":"","publication_date":"20211101","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":null,"zip":null,"link":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/roie.12547","monthly_report":false,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"29","monthly_report_pages":"1382-1417","monthly_report_pages_sort":"1382","issue":"5","journal":"Review of International Economics","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":true,"embargo_date":null,"types":[83083],"research_groups":[3491],"collaboration":"","persons":[3600,3785,15485],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3600,\"personName\":\"Harald Oberhofer\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":3785,\"personName\":\"Michael Pfaffermayr\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":15485,\"personName\":\"Richard Sellner\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - 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