{"id":122824,"date":"2024-01-23T08:06:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T07:06:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/122824\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T05:20:23","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T04:20:23","slug":"registered-cartels-in-austria-an-overview-2","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/122824\/","title":{"rendered":"Registered Cartels in Austria. An Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-122824","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"Cartels were legal to a large extent in Austria until the country's EU accession in 1995. We examine archival material on registered horizontal cartels to learn about their inner working. Applying content analysis to legally binding cartel contracts, we comprehensively document different collusion methods along the lines described by Stigler (1964). Quota cartels employ regular reporting schemes and use compensation mechanisms for departures from set quotas. Specialisation cartels divide markets and rely the least on information exchange and punishment. Price and payment condition cartels primarily aim to prevent secret price cuts, requiring information provision upon request, allow for discretionary decision-taking and (sometimes immediate) punishment. These stylised facts on the contractual arrangements suggest that the possibility to write legally binding agreements was employed to address the usual obstacles to sustaining collusion.","onlinedate":"2015-07-27 12:00:00","lang":"English","publication_series":"","publication_date":"20150701","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"47","keywords":"[\"Cartels\",\"Collusion\",\"Contracts\",\"Legal Cartels\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":359560,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"","monthly_report_pages":"","monthly_report_pages_sort":"0","issue":"501","journal":"WIFO Working Papers","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":"2015-07-27 12:00:00","types":[44410],"research_groups":[3491,3510],"collaboration":"","persons":[4825,4979,13983,3553],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":4825,\"personName\":\"Nikolaus Fink\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":4979,\"personName\":\"Philipp Schmidt-Dengler\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":13983,\"personName\":\"Konrad Stahl\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":3553,\"personName\":\"Christine Zulehner\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Fink, N.<\\\/span><span>, Schmidt-Dengler, P.<\\\/span>, Stahl, K.<span>, &amp; Zulehner, C.<\\\/span> (2015). <span>Registered Cartels in Austria. An Overview<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO Working Papers<\\\/em><\\\/span>, (501). <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/58264\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/58264<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Fink N<\\\/span><span>, Schmidt-Dengler P<\\\/span>, Stahl K<span>, Zulehner C<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Registered Cartels in Austria. An Overview<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO Working Papers<\\\/span>. 2015 Jul;(501).<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{bac82ec21b8c4208991c1f743b3ccb5a,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Registered Cartels in Austria. An Overview\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Cartels were legal to a large extent in Austria until the country's EU accession in 1995. We examine archival material on registered horizontal cartels to learn about their inner working. Applying content analysis to legally binding cartel contracts, we comprehensively document different collusion methods along the lines described by Stigler (1964). Quota cartels employ regular reporting schemes and use compensation mechanisms for departures from set quotas. Specialisation cartels divide markets and rely the least on information exchange and punishment. Price and payment condition cartels primarily aim to prevent secret price cuts, requiring information provision upon request, allow for discretionary decision-taking and (sometimes immediate) punishment. These stylised facts on the contractual arrangements suggest that the possibility to write legally binding agreements was employed to address the usual obstacles to sustaining collusion.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Cartels, Collusion, Contracts, Legal Cartels, Cartels, Collusion, Contracts, Legal Cartels\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Nikolaus Fink and Philipp Schmidt-Dengler and Konrad Stahl and Christine Zulehner\\\",<\\\/div><div>  note     = \\\"Registered Cartels in Austria\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"2015\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = jul,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"English\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO Working Papers\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Registered Cartels in Austria. An Overview<\\\/p><p>AU  - Fink, Nikolaus<\\\/p><p>AU  - Schmidt-Dengler, Philipp<\\\/p><p>AU  - Stahl, Konrad<\\\/p><p>AU  - Zulehner, Christine<\\\/p><p>N1  - Registered Cartels in Austria<\\\/p><p>PY  - 2015\\\/7<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 2015\\\/7<\\\/p><p>N2  - Cartels were legal to a large extent in Austria until the country's EU accession in 1995. We examine archival material on registered horizontal cartels to learn about their inner working. Applying content analysis to legally binding cartel contracts, we comprehensively document different collusion methods along the lines described by Stigler (1964). Quota cartels employ regular reporting schemes and use compensation mechanisms for departures from set quotas. Specialisation cartels divide markets and rely the least on information exchange and punishment. Price and payment condition cartels primarily aim to prevent secret price cuts, requiring information provision upon request, allow for discretionary decision-taking and (sometimes immediate) punishment. These stylised facts on the contractual arrangements suggest that the possibility to write legally binding agreements was employed to address the usual obstacles to sustaining collusion.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Cartels were legal to a large extent in Austria until the country's EU accession in 1995. We examine archival material on registered horizontal cartels to learn about their inner working. Applying content analysis to legally binding cartel contracts, we comprehensively document different collusion methods along the lines described by Stigler (1964). Quota cartels employ regular reporting schemes and use compensation mechanisms for departures from set quotas. Specialisation cartels divide markets and rely the least on information exchange and punishment. 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