{"id":104468,"date":"2024-01-22T13:58:15","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T12:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/104468\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T03:00:54","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T02:00:54","slug":"outsourcing-wettbewerbsfaehigkeit-und-beschaeftigung-abbildung-der-effekte-in-einem-sektormodell-der-oesterreichischen-sachgueterproduktion","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/104468\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Outsourcing\", Competitiveness and Employment. Effects Estimated with a Sector Model of Austrian Manufacturing"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-104468","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"In order to generate an exemplary simulation of an \"import price shock\" consequent to integrating the accession candidates into the EU, the model assumed that import of the 12 products defined would be cheaper by 10 percent; this assumption was based on Baldwin \u2013 Francois \u2013 Portes (1997), who expect the real trade costs to decrease by 10 percent as a result of the EU's eastern enlargement. (This decrease of real trade costs comprises direct effects on import prices \u2013 import duties, non-tariff trade barriers \u2013 and the consequences of keener competition due to a larger number of import competitors.) Given the intermediate input structure as outlined in the input\/output table, lower import prices first affect the prices of purchased materials and services across industries. This in turn affects the relative factor prices at given wages (labour becomes more expensive compared to the intermediate inputs), and causes demand for intermediate inputs to grow and demand for employment to fall. However, if we consider solely the effects caused by factor demand, we will ignore an important macroeconomic response. The import price shock and shift in factor demand will in turn change the costs and output prices. A decline in import prices by 10 percent means that overall intermediate inputs will be cheaper by 4.4 percent. This decrease in input prices will directly affect output prices, which will overall fall by 4.2 percent. The change in prices for overall demand (\u20136.2 percent) will range between the reduction of import prices by 10 percent and the respective output price effect. This means a substantial improvement of the terms of trade which provides the foundation for a positive welfare effect in the relevant theoretical models. Because of the massive import response, the impact on domestic output will be much less significant than the effect on demand and may conceivably be negative in some cases (textiles, clothing, shoes, food, tobacco, mechanical engineering, stone and glass ware). If we assume that additional imports are triggered solely by outsourcing (and not by private demand as well), we get much higher positive effects of cheaper imports on domestic output. In this sense, the simulation experiment described here indicates the maximum possible outflow of domestic demand by additional imports; when imports become cheaper this can in turn be viewed as a positive welfare effect for domestic consumers. On average, the output across the industries considered will rise by about 1.5 percent, and employment will fall by 1 percent. Positive employment effects are found only in the automotive industry, paper and cardboard manufacturing and processing industry and printing industry.","onlinedate":"2001-04-23 12:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"20010401","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":311447,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"74","monthly_report_pages":"269-280","monthly_report_pages_sort":"269","issue":"4","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":"2001-04-23 12:00:00","types":[44312],"research_groups":[3500,3655],"collaboration":"","persons":[3675,3995],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3675,\"personName\":\"Kurt Kratena\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":3995,\"personName\":\"Michael W\u00fcger\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Kratena, K.<\\\/span><span>, &amp; W\u00fcger, M.<\\\/span> (2001). <span>\\\"Outsourcing\\\", Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der \u00f6sterreichischen Sachg\u00fcterproduktion<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>74<\\\/em>(4), 269-280. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/19824\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/19824<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Kratena K<\\\/span><span>, W\u00fcger M<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>\\\"Outsourcing\\\", Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der \u00f6sterreichischen Sachg\u00fcterproduktion<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/span>. 2001 Apr;74(4):269-280.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{e3c2eafbbff84cda8393dba5ab4d995d,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"{\\\"}Outsourcing{\\\"}, Wettbewerbsf{\\\\\\\"a}higkeit und Besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der {\\\\\\\"o}sterreichischen Sachg{\\\\\\\"u}terproduktion\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Die verst{\\\\\\\"a}rkte Integration der {\\\\\\\"o}sterreichischen Wirtschaft mit Ost-Mitteleuropa hat {\\\\\\\"u}ber eine Verringerung der Kosten importierter Vorleistungen die Auslagerung von Verarbeitungsstufen nach Osteuropa zur Folge (Outsourcing oder {\\\"}Fragmentation{\\\"}). Outsourcing hat einen direkt besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigungsd{\\\\\\\"a}mpfenden Effekt und erh{\\\\\\\"o}ht gleichzeitig aufgrund der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Kostenverringerung indirekt Output und Besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigung. Dieser indirekte Effekt wirkt {\\\\\\\"u}ber Kosteneinsparungen, die entsprechende Ver{\\\\\\\"a}nderungen der G{\\\\\\\"u}terpreise bewirken und damit wiederum die Wettbewerbsf{\\\\\\\"a}higkeit (auf allen M{\\\\\\\"a}rkten) erh{\\\\\\\"o}hen. Gem{\\\\\\\"a}{\\\\ss} einer Modellsimulation f{\\\\\\\"u}r 12 Wirtschaftszweige der Sachg{\\\\\\\"u}tererzeugung verbilligen sich die Vorleistungen in der Folge einer Importpreissenkung um 10\\\\% aufgrund der Verringerung der {\\\"}real trade costs{\\\"} um insgesamt 4,4\\\\%. Dieser R{\\\\\\\"u}ckgang der Inputpreise wirkt direkt auf die Outputpreise, sie sinken um insgesamt 4,2\\\\% (Verbesserung der Terms-of-Trade). Im Durchschnitt der betrachteten Wirtschaftszweige steigt der Output um rund 1,5\\\\%, und die Besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigung sinkt um 1\\\\%. Positive Besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigungseffekte weisen lediglich der Fahrzeugbau und der Sektor {\\\"}Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Papier und Pappe, Druckerei{\\\"} auf.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Outsourcing, Wettbewerbsf{\\\\\\\"a}higkeit und Besch{\\\\\\\"a}ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der {\\\\\\\"o}sterreichischen Sachg{\\\\\\\"u}terproduktion; Outsourcing, Competitiveness and Employment. Effects Estimated with a Sector Model of Austrian Manufacturing\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Kurt Kratena and Michael W{\\\\\\\"u}ger\\\",<\\\/div><div>  note     = \\\"Outsourcing\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"2001\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = apr,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"Deutsch\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"74\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"269--280\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO-Monatsberichte\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - \\\"Outsourcing\\\", Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der \u00f6sterreichischen Sachg\u00fcterproduktion<\\\/p><p>AU  - Kratena, Kurt<\\\/p><p>AU  - W\u00fcger, Michael<\\\/p><p>N1  - Outsourcing<\\\/p><p>PY  - 2001\\\/4<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 2001\\\/4<\\\/p><p>N2  - Die verst\u00e4rkte Integration der \u00f6sterreichischen Wirtschaft mit Ost-Mitteleuropa hat \u00fcber eine Verringerung der Kosten importierter Vorleistungen die Auslagerung von Verarbeitungsstufen nach Osteuropa zur Folge (Outsourcing oder \\\"Fragmentation\\\"). Outsourcing hat einen direkt besch\u00e4ftigungsd\u00e4mpfenden Effekt und erh\u00f6ht gleichzeitig aufgrund der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Kostenverringerung indirekt Output und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Dieser indirekte Effekt wirkt \u00fcber Kosteneinsparungen, die entsprechende Ver\u00e4nderungen der G\u00fcterpreise bewirken und damit wiederum die Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit (auf allen M\u00e4rkten) erh\u00f6hen. Gem\u00e4\u00df einer Modellsimulation f\u00fcr 12 Wirtschaftszweige der Sachg\u00fctererzeugung verbilligen sich die Vorleistungen in der Folge einer Importpreissenkung um 10% aufgrund der Verringerung der \\\"real trade costs\\\" um insgesamt 4,4%. Dieser R\u00fcckgang der Inputpreise wirkt direkt auf die Outputpreise, sie sinken um insgesamt 4,2% (Verbesserung der Terms-of-Trade). Im Durchschnitt der betrachteten Wirtschaftszweige steigt der Output um rund 1,5%, und die Besch\u00e4ftigung sinkt um 1%. Positive Besch\u00e4ftigungseffekte weisen lediglich der Fahrzeugbau und der Sektor \\\"Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Papier und Pappe, Druckerei\\\" auf.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Die verst\u00e4rkte Integration der \u00f6sterreichischen Wirtschaft mit Ost-Mitteleuropa hat \u00fcber eine Verringerung der Kosten importierter Vorleistungen die Auslagerung von Verarbeitungsstufen nach Osteuropa zur Folge (Outsourcing oder \\\"Fragmentation\\\"). Outsourcing hat einen direkt besch\u00e4ftigungsd\u00e4mpfenden Effekt und erh\u00f6ht gleichzeitig aufgrund der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Kostenverringerung indirekt Output und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Dieser indirekte Effekt wirkt \u00fcber Kosteneinsparungen, die entsprechende Ver\u00e4nderungen der G\u00fcterpreise bewirken und damit wiederum die Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit (auf allen M\u00e4rkten) erh\u00f6hen. Gem\u00e4\u00df einer Modellsimulation f\u00fcr 12 Wirtschaftszweige der Sachg\u00fctererzeugung verbilligen sich die Vorleistungen in der Folge einer Importpreissenkung um 10% aufgrund der Verringerung der \\\"real trade costs\\\" um insgesamt 4,4%. Dieser R\u00fcckgang der Inputpreise wirkt direkt auf die Outputpreise, sie sinken um insgesamt 4,2% (Verbesserung der Terms-of-Trade). Im Durchschnitt der betrachteten Wirtschaftszweige steigt der Output um rund 1,5%, und die Besch\u00e4ftigung sinkt um 1%. Positive Besch\u00e4ftigungseffekte weisen lediglich der Fahrzeugbau und der Sektor \\\"Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Papier und Pappe, Druckerei\\\" auf.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Outsourcing<\\\/p><p>KW  -  Wettbewerbsf\u00e4higkeit und Besch\u00e4ftigung. Abbildung der Effekte in einem Sektormodell der \u00f6sterreichischen Sachg\u00fcterproduktion; Outsourcing<\\\/p><p>KW  -  Competitiveness and Employment. Effects Estimated with a Sector Model of Austrian Manufacturing<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO-Schriftenreihen<\\\/p><p>VL  - 74<\\\/p><p>SP  - 269<\\\/p><p>EP  - 280<\\\/p><p>JO  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>JF  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Outsourcing&quot;, Competitiveness and Employment. 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