{"id":103664,"date":"2024-01-22T13:39:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-22T12:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/publication\/103664\/"},"modified":"2024-11-07T02:55:26","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T01:55:26","slug":"umverteilung-und-beitragsaequivalenz-in-der-alterssicherung","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/103664\/","title":{"rendered":"Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-103664","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"subtitle":"","text":"The public pension system in Austria redistributes 15 percent of the gross domestic product within a pay-as-you-go-system to retirees. The extent of money transfers is not only determined by the systems gradual maturity but also by exogenous factors like demographic change, more volatile job relations and adjusting participation rates of the labour force. In a pay-as-you-go-system this generates financial pressure and finally shifts the redistribution pattern between generations. Austria's pension system is income based and designed to protect the retiree's living standard. Early pension reforms until the mid 1980's concentrated on increasing contribution rates. Negative labour market effects from high wedges between net and gross wages forced more recent reforms to stress actuarial measures, thereby redesigning the systems towards a more contribution based system. The main group at which financial cuts were targeted are future retirees. This is in line with international experience on pension reforms. The pension reform of 1997 harmonised the increments used to calculate new pensions at 2 percent for each insurance year. The maximum retirement pension (80 percent of the basis of assessment) can thus be obtained after 40 insurance years. At the same time, a system of actuarial discounts was introduced as a first attempt to raise the retirement age: each year of retirement before the regular retirement age (60 for women, 65 for men) makes for a reduction of 2 percent from the base of assessment. The reduction was capped in order to avoid hardships. Both reforms entered into force at the start of 2000, thereby strengthening the insurance principle of the retirement pension. As a further incentive to retire later, the period for calculating the basis of assessment for early retirement will be gradually extended to 18 years, starting in 2003. The transition phase will not be completed until 2020. The delayed effectiveness of the 1997 reform means that it does not yet have any visible financial effect on the federal contribution to the pension insurance schemes. Actually, the actuarial discounts currently produce a counter-incentive, speeding up early retirement. The retirement age for direct pensions nevertheless did not vary much over the past years. Average figures thus do not show a rush towards early retirement. The pension reform 2000 is characterised by budgetary consolidation efforts of the federal government. The financially most important part reduces the attractiveness of early retirement schemes by raising the discount to 3 percent per year and the minimum age for early retirement to 56\u00bd and 61\u00bd years, respectively. By relying on more rigorous admission criteria the government makes shure to achieve financial targets at the cost of formulating actuarial correct discounts and by restricting the possibility of individual choice with respect to the retirement age.","onlinedate":"2000-09-20 12:00:00","lang":"German","publication_series":"","publication_date":"20000901","publication_date_year":"","publication_date_full":false,"publication_num_pages":"","keywords":"[\"Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung; Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security\"]","jelcodes":"[]","related_publications":"[]","pdf":310021,"zip":null,"link":"","monthly_report":true,"monthly_report_main":false,"monthly_report_volume":"73","monthly_report_pages":"547-557","monthly_report_pages_sort":"547","issue":"9","journal":"WIFO-Monatsberichte","publisher":"","invisible":false,"external":false,"embargo_date":"2000-09-20 12:00:00","types":[44312],"research_groups":[3510,3500],"collaboration":"","persons":[3698,3899],"persons_data":"[{\"personId\":3698,\"personName\":\"Christine Mayrhuber\",\"organisationNames\":[]},{\"personId\":3899,\"personName\":\"Thomas Url\",\"organisationNames\":[]}]","clients":[],"subclients":[],"partners":[],"topics":[],"host_publication_title":"","host_publication_subtitle":"","place_of_publication":"","host_publication_editors":"[]","type_description":"","output_media":"","chapter":"","article_number":"","citations":"{\"apa\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_apa rendering_contributiontoperiodical_apa\\\"><span>Mayrhuber, C.<\\\/span><span>, &amp; Url, T.<\\\/span> (2000). <span>Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung<\\\/span>. <span><em>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/em><\\\/span>, <em>73<\\\/em>(9), 547-557. <a onclick=\\\"window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/19395\\\" class=\\\"link\\\"><span>https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/wwa\\\/pubid\\\/19395<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/div>\",\"vancouver\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontoperiodical_vancouver\\\"><span>Mayrhuber C<\\\/span><span>, Url T<\\\/span>. <span class=\\\"title\\\"><span>Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung<\\\/span><\\\/span>. <span>WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/span>. 2000 Sept;73(9):547-557.<\\\/div>\",\"bibtex\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_bibtex rendering_contributiontoperiodical_bibtex\\\"><div>@misc{157047ef8a5e486ea18a713dc84b39cd,<\\\/div><div>  title    = \\\"Umverteilung und Beitrags{\\\\\\\"a}quivalenz in der Alterssicherung\\\",<\\\/div><div>  abstract = \\\"Im {\\\\\\\"o}sterreichischen Pensionssystem werden 15\\\\% des Bruttoinlandsproduktes gro{\\\\ss}teils im Umlageverfahren an Pensionisten umverteilt. Das Ausma{\\\\ss} der Umverteilung zwischen den Generationen wird nicht nur durch die Reife eines Pensionssystems bestimmt, sondern auch durch exogene Faktoren: Den demographischen Wandel, zunehmende Instabilit{\\\\\\\"a}t der Arbeitsverh{\\\\\\\"a}ltnisse und eine Abnahme der Erwerbsbeteiligung erzeugen in einem Umlageverfahren Finanzierungsengp{\\\\\\\"a}sse und letztlich Verschiebungen der Einkommensverteilung zwischen den Generationen. Die Methode des Generational Accounting bietet ein Sch{\\\\\\\"a}tzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Umverteilungswirkung zwischen den Generationen. Die vergangenen Pensionsreformen verst{\\\\\\\"a}rkten das Versicherungsprinzip und schr{\\\\\\\"a}nkten dabei meist das Leistungsrecht k{\\\\\\\"u}nftiger Pensionisten ein. Die aktuelle Pensionsreform setzt Zutrittsbeschr{\\\\\\\"a}nkungen f{\\\\\\\"u}r Versicherte im pensionsf{\\\\\\\"a}higen Alter und erh{\\\\\\\"o}ht die Abschlags{\\\\\\\"a}tze f{\\\\\\\"u}r die vorzeitige Alterspension.\\\",<\\\/div><div>  keywords = \\\"Umverteilung und Beitrags{\\\\\\\"a}quivalenz in der Alterssicherung; Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security, Umverteilung und Beitrags{\\\\\\\"a}quivalenz in der Alterssicherung; Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security\\\",<\\\/div><div>  author   = \\\"Christine Mayrhuber and Thomas Url\\\",<\\\/div><div>  note     = \\\"Alterssicherung\\\",<\\\/div><div>  year     = \\\"2000\\\",<\\\/div><div>  month    = sep,<\\\/div><div>  language = \\\"Deutsch\\\",<\\\/div><div>  volume   = \\\"73\\\",<\\\/div><div>  pages    = \\\"547--557\\\",<\\\/div><div>  journal  = \\\"WIFO-Monatsberichte\\\",<\\\/div><p>}<\\\/p><\\\/div>\",\"ris\":\"<div class=\\\"rendering rendering_researchoutput  rendering_researchoutput_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical rendering_ris rendering_contributiontoperiodical_ris\\\"><p>TY  - GEN<\\\/p><p>T1  - Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung<\\\/p><p>AU  - Mayrhuber, Christine<\\\/p><p>AU  - Url, Thomas<\\\/p><p>N1  - Alterssicherung<\\\/p><p>PY  - 2000\\\/9<\\\/p><p>Y1  - 2000\\\/9<\\\/p><p>N2  - Im \u00f6sterreichischen Pensionssystem werden 15% des Bruttoinlandsproduktes gro\u00dfteils im Umlageverfahren an Pensionisten umverteilt. Das Ausma\u00df der Umverteilung zwischen den Generationen wird nicht nur durch die Reife eines Pensionssystems bestimmt, sondern auch durch exogene Faktoren: Den demographischen Wandel, zunehmende Instabilit\u00e4t der Arbeitsverh\u00e4ltnisse und eine Abnahme der Erwerbsbeteiligung erzeugen in einem Umlageverfahren Finanzierungsengp\u00e4sse und letztlich Verschiebungen der Einkommensverteilung zwischen den Generationen. Die Methode des Generational Accounting bietet ein Sch\u00e4tzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Umverteilungswirkung zwischen den Generationen. Die vergangenen Pensionsreformen verst\u00e4rkten das Versicherungsprinzip und schr\u00e4nkten dabei meist das Leistungsrecht k\u00fcnftiger Pensionisten ein. Die aktuelle Pensionsreform setzt Zutrittsbeschr\u00e4nkungen f\u00fcr Versicherte im pensionsf\u00e4higen Alter und erh\u00f6ht die Abschlags\u00e4tze f\u00fcr die vorzeitige Alterspension.<\\\/p><p>AB  - Im \u00f6sterreichischen Pensionssystem werden 15% des Bruttoinlandsproduktes gro\u00dfteils im Umlageverfahren an Pensionisten umverteilt. Das Ausma\u00df der Umverteilung zwischen den Generationen wird nicht nur durch die Reife eines Pensionssystems bestimmt, sondern auch durch exogene Faktoren: Den demographischen Wandel, zunehmende Instabilit\u00e4t der Arbeitsverh\u00e4ltnisse und eine Abnahme der Erwerbsbeteiligung erzeugen in einem Umlageverfahren Finanzierungsengp\u00e4sse und letztlich Verschiebungen der Einkommensverteilung zwischen den Generationen. Die Methode des Generational Accounting bietet ein Sch\u00e4tzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Umverteilungswirkung zwischen den Generationen. Die vergangenen Pensionsreformen verst\u00e4rkten das Versicherungsprinzip und schr\u00e4nkten dabei meist das Leistungsrecht k\u00fcnftiger Pensionisten ein. Die aktuelle Pensionsreform setzt Zutrittsbeschr\u00e4nkungen f\u00fcr Versicherte im pensionsf\u00e4higen Alter und erh\u00f6ht die Abschlags\u00e4tze f\u00fcr die vorzeitige Alterspension.<\\\/p><p>KW  - Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung; Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security<\\\/p><p>KW  - Umverteilung und Beitrags\u00e4quivalenz in der Alterssicherung; Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security<\\\/p><p>M3  - WIFO-Schriftenreihen<\\\/p><p>VL  - 73<\\\/p><p>SP  - 547<\\\/p><p>EP  - 557<\\\/p><p>JO  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>JF  - WIFO-Monatsberichte<\\\/p><p>ER  - <\\\/p><\\\/div>\"}","scientific_assistance":"[]","scientific_review":"[]","version":"","release_date":null,"expiration_date":null,"surveyor":"","research_assistance":"","edv":"","additional_info_de":"","additional_info_en":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.0 (Yoast SEO v28.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security - WIFO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/103664\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/en\/publication\/103664\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"WIFO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WIFOat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-07T01:55:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wifo.ac.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/WIFO-Gebaeude-FotoAlexanderMueller-www.alexandermueller.at-IMG_6326-Bearbeitet-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@WIFOat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/103664\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.wifo.ac.at\\\/en\\\/publication\\\/103664\\\/\",\"name\":\"Redistribution and Contribution Equivalence Austrian Old Age Security - 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